"Circuits for Emerging Technologies Beyond CMOS"

New exciting opportunities are abounding in the field of body area networks, wireless communications, data networking, and optical imaging. In response to these developments, top-notch international experts in industry and academia present Circuits at the Nanoscale: "Communications, Imaging, and Sensing. "This volume, unique in both its scope and its focus, addresses the state-of-the-art in integrated circuit design in the context of emerging systems.

A must for anyone serious about circuit design for future technologies, this book discusses emerging materials that can take system performance beyond standard CMOS. These include Silicon on Insulator (SOI), Silicon Germanium (SiGe), and Indium Phosphide (InP). Three-dimensional CMOS integration and co-integration with Microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology and radiation sensors are described as well. Topics in the book are divided into comprehensive sections on emerging design techniques, mixed-signal CMOS circuits, circuits for communications, and circuits for imaging and sensing.

Dr. Krzysztof Iniewski is a director at CMOS Emerging Technologies, Inc., a consulting company in Vancouver, British Columbia. His current research interests are in VLSI ciruits for medical applications. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences, and he holds 18 international patents granted in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Japan. In this volume, he has assembled the contributions of over 60 world-reknown experts who are at the top of their field in the world of circuit design, advancing the bank of knowledge for all who work in this excitingand burgeoning area.

Wireless network security research is multidisciplinary in nature, including data analysis, economics, mathematics, forensics, information technology, and computer science. This text covers cutting-edge research in computational intelligence systems from diverse fields on the complex subject of wireless communication security. It discusses important topics including computational intelligence in wireless network and communications, artificial intelligence and wireless communication security, security risk scenarios in communications, security/resilience metrics and their measurements, data analytics of cyber-crimes, modeling of wireless communication security risks, advances in cyber threats and computer crimes, adaptive and learning techniques for secure estimation and control, decision support systems, fault tolerance and diagnosis, cloud forensics and information systems, and intelligent information retrieval. The book: Discusses computational algorithms for system modeling and optimization in security perspective Focuses on error prediction and fault diagnosis through intelligent information retrieval via wireless technologies Explores a group of practical research problems where security experts can help develop new data-driven methodologies Covers application on artificial intelligence and wireless communication security risk perspective The text is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, and computer engineering. The text comprehensively discusses wide range of wireless communication techniques with emerging computational intelligent trends, to help readers understand the role of wireless technologies in applications touching various spheres of human life with the help of hesitant fuzzy sets based computational modeling. It will be a valuable resource for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, and computer engineering.

The past decade has witnessed a leap in the cyber revolution around the world. Significant progress has been made across a broad spectrum of terminologies used in the cyber world. Various threats have also emerged due to this cyber revolution that requires far greater security measures than ever before. In order to adapt to this evolution effectively and efficiently, it calls for a better understanding of the ways in which we are ready to embrace this change. Advances in Cyberology and the Advent of the Next-Gen Information Revolution creates awareness of the information threats that these technologies play on personal, societal, business, and governmental levels. It discusses the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), their connection with the cyber revolution, and the impact that they have on every facet of human life. Covering topics such as cloud computing, deepfake technology, and social networking, this premier reference source is an ideal resource for security professionals, IT managers, administrators, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

The past decade has witnessed a leap in the cyber revolution around the world. Significant progress has been made across a broad spectrum of terminologies used in the cyber world. Various threats have also emerged due to this cyber revolution that requires far greater security measures than ever before. In order to adapt to this evolution effectively and efficiently, it calls for a better understanding of the ways in which we are ready to embrace this change. Advances in Cyberology and the Advent of the Next-Gen Information Revolution creates awareness of the information threats that these technologies play on personal, societal, business, and governmental levels. It discusses the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), their connection with the cyber revolution, and the impact that they have on every facet of human life. Covering topics such as cloud computing, deepfake technology, and social networking, this premier reference source is an ideal resource for security professionals, IT managers, administrators, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Plant growth and development is closely dependent on the plant environment, including the wide-spread presence of organic and inorganic xenobiotics and pollutants. Currently, heavy metals are the most common inorganic environmental pollutants and they have pronounced effects and consequences not only for plants, but also for the ecosystem in which the plants form an integral component. It has been suggested that these contaminants accumulate in agricultural crops, thus entering the food chain and posing a significant health risk. Plants growing in polluted sites exhibit altered metabolism, reduced growth, and decreased biomass production. These pollutants adhere to plant roots and exert physical or chemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. Yet, plants have developed various defence mechanisms to counteract the toxicity induced by heavy metals. Only detailed study of the processes and mechanisms would allow researchers and students to understand the interactions, responses, and adaptations of plants to these pollutants; however, there are several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of heavy metals. Therefore, this volume provides relevant, state-of-the-art findings on environmental phytotoxicity and the mechanisms of such interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. This volume consists of chapters on relevant topics contributed by different experts or group of experts so as to make available a comprehensive treatise designed to provide an in-depth analysis of heavy metals phytotoxicity. This book may serve as a reference to scientists, researchers and students in the fields of toxicology, environmental toxicology, phytotoxicology, plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry and plant molecular biology, and especially those interested in heavy metals toxicology.

This book introduces the reader to synthetic or artificial seeds, which refer to alginate encapsulated somatic embryos, vegetative buds or any other micropropagules that can be used as seeds and converted into plantlets after propagating under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Moreover, synthetic seeds retain their potential for regeneration even after low-temperature storage. The production of synthetic or artificial seeds using micropropagules opens up new vistas in agricultural biotechnology. Encapsulated propagules could be used for in vitro regeneration and mass multiplication at reasonable cost. In addition, these propagules may be used for germplasm preservation of elite plant species and the exchange of plant materials between national and international laboratories. This book offers state-of-the-art findings on methods, applications and prospects of synthetic or artificial seeds.

Plant growth and development is closely dependent on the plant environment, including the wide-spread presence of organic and inorganic xenobiotics and pollutants. Currently, heavy metals are the most common inorganic environmental pollutants and they have pronounced effects and consequences not only for plants, but also for the ecosystem in which the plants form an integral component. It has been suggested that these contaminants accumulate in agricultural crops, thus entering the food chain and posing a significant health risk. Plants growing in polluted sites exhibit altered metabolism, reduced growth, and decreased biomass production. These pollutants adhere to plant roots and exert physical or chemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. Yet, plants have developed various defence mechanisms to counteract the toxicity induced by heavy metals. Only detailed study of the processes and mechanisms would allow researchers and students to understand the interactions, responses, and adaptations of plants to these pollutants; however, there are several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of heavy metals. Therefore, this volume provides relevant, state-of-the-art findings on environmental phytotoxicity and the mechanisms of such interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. This volume consists of chapters on relevant topics contributed by different experts or group of experts so as to make available a comprehensive treatise designed to provide an in-depth analysis of heavy metals phytotoxicity. This book may serve as a reference to scientists, researchers and students in the fields of toxicology, environmental toxicology, phytotoxicology, plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry and plant molecular biology, and especially those interested in heavy metals toxicology.

This book introduces the reader to synthetic or artificial seeds, which refer to alginate encapsulated somatic embryos, vegetative buds or any other micropropagules that can be used as seeds and converted into plantlets after propagating under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Moreover, synthetic seeds retain their potential for regeneration even after low-temperature storage. The production of synthetic or artificial seeds using micropropagules opens up new vistas in agricultural biotechnology. Encapsulated propagules could be used for in vitro regeneration and mass multiplication at reasonable cost. In addition, these propagules may be used for germplasm preservation of elite plant species and the exchange of plant materials between national and international laboratories. This book offers state-of-the-art findings on methods, applications and prospects of synthetic or artificial seeds.

This book provides relevant findings on nanoparticles' toxicity, their uptake, translocation and mechanisms of interaction with plants at cellular and sub-cellular level. The small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles endow them with high chemical reactivity and intrinsic toxicity. Such unique physicochemical properties draw global attention of scientists to study potential risks and adverse effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Their toxicity has pronounced effects and consequences for plants and ultimately the whole ecosystem. Plants growing in nanomaterials-polluted sites may exhibit altered metabolism, growth reduction, and lower biomass production. Nanoparticles can adhere to plant roots and exert physicochemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. On the other hand, plants have developed various defense mechanisms against this induced toxicity. This books discusses recent findings as well as several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of nanoparticles. Only detailed studies of these processes and mechanisms will allow researchers to understand the complex plant-nanomaterial interactions.

This book provides relevant findings on nanoparticles' toxicity, their uptake, translocation and mechanisms of interaction with plants at cellular and sub-cellular level. The small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles endow them with high chemical reactivity and intrinsic toxicity. Such unique physicochemical properties draw global attention of scientists to study potential risks and adverse effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Their toxicity has pronounced effects and consequences for plants and ultimately the whole ecosystem. Plants growing in nanomaterials-polluted sites may exhibit altered metabolism, growth reduction, and lower biomass production. Nanoparticles can adhere to plant roots and exert physicochemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in plants. On the other hand, plants have developed various defense mechanisms against this induced toxicity. This books discusses recent findings as well as several unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and biological effects of nanoparticles. Only detailed studies of these processes and mechanisms will allow researchers to understand the complex plant-nanomaterial interactions.

With the development of technology, software is becoming critical for the success of many large systems. There are many risks involved in creating high quality software on time and within budget. The success of software product, both functionally and financially is directly related to the quality of the requirements. Software requirement risk addresses the possibility of suffering a loss of any functional or non-functional requirement of the system. It refers to the uncertainties caused by differences between the requirements perceived by developers and user groups' expectation of the system. Requirement risk can lower project performance therefore effective management of it is critical to achieve desired project performance. In our research work a Requirement Risk Prioritization Model (RRPM) has been proposed. Implementation of inspection technique is done to identify the key requirement risk factors responsible in achieving successful outcome and use a Bayesian network approach to prioritize the requirement risks that leads to fail a software project. These Results can be used to compute the overall risk metric associated with a project.

Medicinal plants have acquired increasing significance in development co-operation over the last few years. Their use and propagation are cross-sectoral concerns that embrace not only health-care but also nature conservation, biodiversity, economic assistance, trade and legal aspects (e.g. intellectual property). The present book presents biotechnological approaches for the in vitro conservation and mass propagation of two important medicinal plants viz; Tylophora indica and Rauvolfia tetraphylla. Both the plants are rapidly disappearing due to its extensive indiscriminate collection from wild, poor seed germination and lack of adequate commercial plantation. Regeneration and establishment of plantlets through various plant tissue culture techniques has been discussed in this book. The application of these protocols can help to minimize the pressure on wild populations and contribute to the conservation of these valuable medicinal plants. Regeneration of plants from alginate encapsulated shoot buds could be used as nodal delivery system for germplasm storage and exchange. Physiological and biochemical changes during ex vitro establishment micropropagated plants has been discussed.

This study examines changes in the phonological events of the British wild plants recorded by a natural historian in over a 30-year period in response to climate change. Analysis showed that an overall increase of 1 C air temperature would advance spring phenophases such as leafing and flowering by 4-16 days and delay autumn phases such as fruit ripening by 3-4 days. The current findings were compared and contrasted with similar findings from published studies, and found consistent in most cases. It can be concluded that winter and spring phenophases will get progressively earlier while autumn phenophases will be delayed as the climate warms. Based on UKCIP02's scenarios it was projected that most of the spring phenophases will dramatically advance, if the current climate warming continues, raising concerns for the monitoring and conservation of, and implications for, woodland species and native wild flora in the UK. This monograph will be useful for climate scientist, plant biologist, natural historian and nature lovers."

This book aims at providing clear and concise view for those who have passion to know about Islamic Banking and Finance. The author welcomes readers' comment and suggestions on [email protected] Author is also a freelance writer of other so many online journal and publications. Author has also written one book on Capital Market and Investment Management with one of the publications in India. This is his third attempt to write a book in the field of finance.

This book focuses on the design of secure and efficient signature and signcryption schemes for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). We use methods such as public key cryptography (PKI), identity-based cryptography (IDC), and certificateless cryptography (CLC) to design bilinear pairing and elliptic curve cryptography-based signature and signcryption schemes and prove their security in the random oracle model. The signature schemes ensure the authenticity of source and integrity of a safety message. While signcryption schemes ensure authentication and confidentiality of the safety message in a single logical step. To provide readers to study the schemes that securely and efficiently process a message and multiple messages in vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications is the main benefit of this book. In addition, it can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of security and privacy of VANETs, Internet of vehicles securty, wireless body area networks security, etc.

This book focuses on the design of secure and efficient signature and signcryption schemes for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). We use methods such as public key cryptography (PKI), identity-based cryptography (IDC), and certificateless cryptography (CLC) to design bilinear pairing and elliptic curve cryptography-based signature and signcryption schemes and prove their security in the random oracle model. The signature schemes ensure the authenticity of source and integrity of a safety message. While signcryption schemes ensure authentication and confidentiality of the safety message in a single logical step. To provide readers to study the schemes that securely and efficiently process a message and multiple messages in vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications is the main benefit of this book. In addition, it can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of security and privacy of VANETs, Internet of vehicles securty, wireless body area networks security, etc.